The Effect of Patient Position on Psoas Morphology and in Lumbar Lordosis.

INTRODUCTION: Among the interbody fusions, lateral lumbar interbody fusion allows access to the lumbar spine through the major psoas muscle, which offers several advantages to the spine surgeon. However, some of its drawbacks cause surgeons to avoid using it as a daily practice. Therefore, to address some of these challenges, we propose the prone transpsoas technique, differing mainly from the traditional technique on patient position-moving from lateral to prone decubitus, theoretically enhancing the lordosis and impacting the psoas morphology. METHODS: Twenty-four consecutive patients were invited to have magnetic resonance imaging examinations in 3 different positions (prone, dorsal, lateral). Two observers measured the following parameters: vertebral body size, psoas diameter, psoas anterior border distance, plexus distance, total lumbar lordosis, distal lumbar lordosis, and proximal lumbar lordosis. Values of P < 0.05 were deemed significant. RESULTS: The prone position yielded a significant increase in the lumbar lordosis, both in L1-S1 (57° vs. 46.5°) and proximal lordosis (40.4° vs. 36.9°) compared with the lateral position. Regarding the morphologic aspects, patients in the prone position presented lesser psoas muscles forward shift, but no difference was noted in the plexus position neither for L3-L4 nor L4-L5. CONCLUSIONS: The prone position resulted in a significantly increased lumbar lordosis, both distal and proximal, which may enable the spine surgeon to achieve significant sagittal restoration just by positioning. The prone position also produced a posterior retraction of the psoas muscle. However, it did not significantly affect the position of the plexus concerning the vertebral body.

Adaptation of the frailty index for brazilian portuguese in adult spine deformity surgery / Adaptação para o português do Brasil do índice de fragilidade em cirurgia de deformidade da coluna vertebral do adulto / Adaptación para portugués de Brasil del índice de fragilidad en cirugía de deformidad de la columna vertebral del adulto

ABSTRACT Objectives To adapt the adult spinal deformity frailty index (ASD-FI), which was presented as an instrument for stratification of risk of surgical complications, for application in the Brazilian population. Methods This is a consensus-building study, following the Delphi method, in which a team of six Brazilian spine surgery specialists worked alongside the International Spine Study Group (ISSG), the group responsible for preparing the original version of the ASD-FI, in order to adapt the index for the Brazilian population. The variables to be included in the new version, as well as the translation of the terminology into Portuguese, were evaluated and a consensus was considered to have been reached when all (100%) of the Brazilian experts were in agreement. Results A version of the ASD-FI was created, composed of 42 variables, with the inclusion of two new variables that were not included in the original version. The new version was then back translated into English and approved by the ISSG members, resulting in the adapted version of the ASD-FI for the Brazilian population. Conclusion This study presents an adapted version of the adult spinal deformity frailty index for the Brazilian population, for the purpose of risk stratification in the surgical treatment of these complex deformities. Level of evidence II; Study of adaptation of a valid score.

RESUMO Objetivos Adaptar o Índice de Fragilidade para Deformidade da Coluna Vertebral do Adulto (IF-DCVA), apresentado como instrumento para estratificação de risco para complicações cirúrgicas, para aplicação na população brasileira. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo de criação de consenso, seguindo o método Delphi, em que uma equipe de seis especialistas brasileiros em cirurgia da coluna trabalhou em conjunto com o International Spine Study Group (ISSG), grupo responsável pelo desenvolvimento da versão original do IF-DCVA, a fim de adaptar o índice para a população brasileira. As variáveis a serem incluídas na nova versão, assim como a tradução da terminologia para o português foram avaliadas e foi considerado consenso quando todos (100%) os especialistas brasileiros chegaram a um acordo. Resultados Uma versão do IF-DCVA foi criada, composta por 42 variáveis, com a inclusão de duas novas variáveis que não faziam parte da versão original. A nova versão foi, então, retrotraduzida para o inglês e aprovada pelos membros do ISSG, resultando na versão adaptada do IF-DCVA para a população brasileira. Conclusões O presente estudo apresenta uma versão adaptada do Índice de Fragilidade para Deformidade da Coluna Vertebral do Adulto para a população brasileira com o objetivo de avaliar a estratificação de risco no tratamento cirúrgico dessas deformidades complexas. Nível de evidência II; Estudo de adaptação de um escore válido.

RESUMEN Objetivos Adaptar el Índice de Fragilidad para Deformidad de la Columna Vertebral del Adulto (IF-DCVA), presentado como instrumento para estratificación de riesgo para complicaciones quirúrgicas, para aplicación en la población brasileña. Métodos Se trata de un estudio de creación de consenso, siguiendo el método Delphi, en el que un equipo de seis especialistas brasileños en cirugía de columna trabajó junto con el International Spine Study Group (ISSG), grupo responsable por el desarrollo de la versión original de IF-DCVA, a fin de adaptar el índice para la población brasileña. Las variables a ser incluidas en la nueva versión, así como la traducción de la terminología para el portugués de Brasil fueron evaluadas y se consideró consenso cuando todos (100%) los especialistas brasileños llegaron a un acuerdo. Resultados Fue creada una versión del IF-DCVA, compuesta por 42 variables, con la inclusión de dos nuevas variables que no formaban parte de la versión original. La nueva versión fue entonces retrotraducida al inglés y aprobada por los miembros del ISSG, lo que resultó en la versión adaptada del IF-DCVA para la población brasileña. Conclusiones El presente estudio presenta una versión adaptada para la población brasileña del Índice de Fragilidad para la Deformidad de la Columna Vertebral del Adulto, con el objetivo de evaluar la estratificación de riesgo en el tratamiento quirúrgico de esas deformidades complejas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudio de adaptación de una escala válida.

Efficacy and safety of loxoprofen sodium topical patch for the treatment of pain in patients with minor acute traumatic limb injuries in Brazil: a randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial.

Posttraumatic injury pain is commonly treated with oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause several adverse events, with topical formulations arising as an important alternative. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of loxoprofen patch (LX-P) in the treatment of patients with posttraumatic pain. This phase III, randomized, double-blind, noninferiority study enrolled Brazilian patients aged 18 to 65 years diagnosed with lower and upper limb posttraumatic injury who were experiencing moderate or severe pain. Patients were assigned to active LX-P or to loxoprofen tablet (LX-T), and pain intensity was measured based on a visual analog scale score variation after 7 days of treatment. Data on clinical symptoms, rescue medication use, and adverse events were also collected. Visual analog scale score variation was compared using a 10% noninferiority margin. Two hundred forty-two patients were randomly assigned to LX-P (n = 123) or to LX-T (n = 119). The results showed a reduction in pain after 7 days of treatment: -49.96 (n = 118; SE 1.7) in the LX-P and -47.71 (n = 117; SE 1.6) in the LX-T groups (difference of -2.25; 95% CI: -5.97 to 1.47; P = 0.23). On the safety analysis, the LX-T group presented twice as many patients with treatment-emergent adverse events as the LX-P group (30.8% and 14.2%, respectively). A sensitivity analysis demonstrated that rescue medication use has not affected the primary end point. This study showed that LX-P has a comparable efficacy to LX-T, but with a better safety profile, being a therapeutic option for the treatment of posttraumatic injury pain.